3. Ikoranabuhanga mu mutekano
Nubwo bateri ya lithium ion ifite ibyago byinshi byihishe, mugihe cyihariye cyo gukoresha kandi hamwe ningamba zimwe na zimwe, zirashobora kugenzura neza ko habaho ingaruka zuruhande rwimyitwarire n’urugomo rukabije muri selile ya batiri kugirango babikoreshe neza.Ibikurikira nintangiriro ngufi kuri tekinoroji ikoreshwa mumutekano ikoreshwa na bateri ya lithium.
（1） Hitamo ibikoresho fatizo bifite umutekano muke
Ibikoresho byiza bya polar nibikorwa byiza, ibikoresho bya diaphragm na electrolytite bifite umutekano muke bizatoranywa.
a) Guhitamo ibikoresho byiza
Umutekano wibikoresho bya cathode ushingiye ahanini kubintu bitatu bikurikira:
1. Ubushyuhe bwa termodinamike bwibikoresho;
2. Imiti ihamye yibikoresho;
3. Imiterere yumubiri yibikoresho.
b) Guhitamo ibikoresho bya diaphragm
Igikorwa nyamukuru cya diaphragm nugutandukanya electrode nziza kandi mbi ya bateri, kugirango wirinde umuzunguruko mugufi uterwa no guhura hagati ya electrode nziza kandi mbi, no gutuma ioni electrolyte inyuramo, ni ukuvuga ko ifite insulasiyo ya elegitoronike na ion imiyoboro.Ingingo zikurikira zigomba kwitonderwa muguhitamo diafragm ya bateri ya lithium ion:
1. Ifite ibyuma bya elegitoroniki kugirango yizere ko imashini itandukanya electrode nziza kandi mbi;
2. Ifite ubwitonzi nubushake runaka kugirango irinde ubukana buke hamwe nubushobozi buke bwa ionic;
3. Ibikoresho bya diafragm bigomba kuba bifite imiti ihagije kandi bigomba kurwanya ruswa ya electrolyte;
4. Diaphragm igomba kugira umurimo wo kurinda byikora;
5. Kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe no guhindura diaphragm bizaba bito bishoboka;
6. Diaphragm igomba kugira ubunini runaka;
7. Diaphragm igomba kugira imbaraga zikomeye zumubiri hamwe no guhangana bihagije.
c) Guhitamo electrolyte
Electrolyte nigice cyingenzi cya batiri ya lithium ion, igira uruhare mukwirakwiza no kuyobora amashanyarazi hagati ya electrode nziza kandi mbi ya batiri.Electrolyte ikoreshwa muri bateri ya lithium ion ni igisubizo cya electrolyte ikorwa no gushonga umunyu wa lithium ukwiye mumashanyarazi avanze ya aprotique.Muri rusange igomba kuba yujuje ibi bikurikira:
1. Gutunganya neza imiti, nta reaction ya chimique hamwe na electrode ikora, amazi yo gukusanya hamwe na diaphragm;
2. Amashanyarazi meza meza, hamwe nidirishya ryamashanyarazi;
3. Umuyoboro mwinshi wa lithium ion hamwe nubushobozi buke bwa elegitoronike;
4. Ubushyuhe bugari;
5. Ni umutekano, udafite uburozi kandi utangiza ibidukikije.
(2) Shimangira igishushanyo mbonera cyumutekano rusange
Akagari ka batiri ni ihuriro rihuza ibikoresho bitandukanye bya batiri, hamwe no guhuza pole nziza, pole mbi, diaphragm, lug na firime yo gupakira.Igishushanyo mbonera cyimikorere ntigire ingaruka gusa kumikorere yibikoresho bitandukanye, ariko kandi bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere rusange yamashanyarazi nibikorwa byumutekano bya bateri.Guhitamo ibikoresho nigishushanyo mbonera cyimiterere ni ubwoko bwimibanire hagati yabaturage na bose.Mu gishushanyo mbonera, uburyo bwimiterere yuburyo bugomba gutegurwa ukurikije ibintu bifatika.
Mubyongeyeho, ibikoresho bimwe byokwirinda birashobora gutekerezwa kubikorwa bya batiri ya lithium.Uburyo rusange bwo kurinda ni ubu bukurikira:
a) Guhindura ibintu byemewe.Iyo ubushyuhe buri muri bateri buzamutse, agaciro kayo ko guhangana kazazamuka.Iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane, amashanyarazi azahita ahagarara;
b) Shiraho valve yumutekano (ni ukuvuga umuyaga uhumeka hejuru ya bateri).Iyo umuvuduko wimbere wa bateri uzamutse mugiciro runaka, valve yumutekano izahita ifungura kugirango umutekano wa bateri ube.
Hano hari ingero zubushakashatsi bwumutekano wububiko bwamashanyarazi:
1. Igipimo cyiza kandi kibi cya pole igereranya nubunini bwubunini
Hitamo ubushobozi bukwiye bwa electrode nziza kandi mbi ukurikije ibiranga ibikoresho byiza bya electrode.Ikigereranyo cyubushobozi bwiza kandi bubi bwa electrode ya selile ni ihuriro ryingenzi rijyanye numutekano wa bateri ya lithium.Niba ubushobozi bwa electrode nziza ari nini cyane, lithium yicyuma izashyira hejuru ya electrode mbi, mugihe niba imbaraga za electrode mbi ari nini cyane, ubushobozi bwa bateri buzabura cyane.Mubisanzwe, N / P = 1.05-1.15, kandi guhitamo bikwiye gukorwa ukurikije ubushobozi bwa bateri nibisabwa byumutekano.Ibice binini kandi bito bigomba gutegurwa kugirango umwanya wa paste mbi (ibintu bifatika) uzenguruke (urenze) umwanya wa paste nziza.Mubisanzwe, ubugari bugomba kuba bunini 1 ~ 5 mm naho uburebure bukaba mm 5 ~ 10 mm.
2. Amafaranga yubugari bwa diaphragm
Ihame rusange ryubugari bwa diaphragm ni ukurinda imiyoboro ngufi yimbere iterwa no guhuza bitaziguye na electrode nziza.Nkuko kugabanuka kwubushyuhe bwa diaphragm bitera guhindagurika kwa diaphragm muburebure nubugari bwerekezo mugihe cyo kwishyuza bateri no gusohora no munsi yubushyuhe bwumuriro nibindi bidukikije, polarisiyasi yikibanza cyiziritse cya diafragma yiyongera kubera kwiyongera kwintera hagati yibyiza na electrode mbi;Ibishoboka bya micro bigufi byumuzunguruko ahantu harambuye ya diafragma byiyongera kubera kunanuka kwa diafragma;Kugabanuka kumpera ya diaphragm birashobora gutuma umuntu ahura neza na electrode nziza kandi mbi hamwe numuyoboro mugufi w'imbere, bishobora guteza akaga bitewe nubushyuhe bwa bateri.Kubwibyo, mugihe utegura bateri, ibiranga kugabanuka bigomba kwitabwaho mugukoresha agace nubugari bwa diaphragm.Filime yo kwigunga igomba kuba nini kuruta anode na cathode.Usibye ikosa ryibikorwa, firime yo kwigunga igomba kuba byibura 0.1mm kurenza uruhande rwinyuma rwigice cya electrode.
3.Ubuvuzi
Inzira ngufi yimbere ni ikintu cyingenzi mubishobora guhungabanya umutekano wa batiri ya lithium-ion.Hariho ibice byinshi bishobora guteza akaga bitera uruziga rugufi imbere muburyo bwa selile.Kubwibyo rero, ingamba zikenewe cyangwa izigomba gushyirwaho kuriyi myanya yingenzi kugirango hirindwe imiyoboro ngufi yimbere muri bateri mubihe bidasanzwe, nko gukomeza umwanya ukenewe hagati yamatwi meza ya electrode;Ikaseti ya kaseti igomba kumanikwa ahantu hatari paste hagati yumutwe umwe, kandi ibice byose byerekanwe bigomba gutwikirwa;Ikaseti izashyirwa hagati ya aluminiyumu nziza nibintu bibi bikora;Igice cyo gusudira cya lug igomba kuba yuzuyeho kaseti;Iraseti ya kaseti ikoreshwa hejuru yumuriro wamashanyarazi.
4.Gushiraho valve yumutekano (igikoresho cyorohereza igitutu)
Batteri ya Litiyumu ion iteje akaga, mubisanzwe kubera ko ubushyuhe bwimbere buri hejuru cyane cyangwa umuvuduko ukabije kuburyo udashobora guturika numuriro;Igikoresho cyiza cyo kugabanya umuvuduko urashobora kurekura byihuse umuvuduko nubushyuhe imbere muri bateri mugihe habaye akaga, kandi bikagabanya ibyago byo guturika.Igikoresho cyorohereza igitutu ntigishobora guhura gusa numuvuduko wimbere wa bateri mugihe gikora gisanzwe, ariko nanone gihita gifungura kurekura umuvuduko mugihe umuvuduko wimbere ugeze kumipaka.Igenamiterere ryibikoresho byorohereza igitutu bigomba gutegurwa harebwa ibiranga imiterere ya shell ya batiri kubera kwiyongera k'umuvuduko w'imbere;Igishushanyo mbonera cyumutekano gishobora kugerwaho na flake, impande, kashe na nike.
(3) Kunoza urwego rwibikorwa
Hagomba gushyirwaho ingufu kugirango zipime kandi zisanzwe zikorwa na selile.Mu ntambwe zo kuvanga, gutwikira, guteka, guhuzagurika, kunyerera no guhinduranya, gukora ibipimo ngenderwaho (nk'ubugari bwa diaphragm, ingano ya electrolyte, n'ibindi), kunoza uburyo bwo gukora (nk'uburyo bwo gutera inshinge nkeya, uburyo bwo gupakira centrifugal, nibindi) , kora akazi keza mugucunga inzira, kwemeza ubwiza bwibikorwa, no kugabanya itandukaniro riri hagati yibicuruzwa;Shiraho intambwe zidasanzwe zakazi mu ntambwe zingenzi zigira ingaruka ku mutekano (nko gusibanganya igice cya electrode, guhanagura ifu, uburyo butandukanye bwo gusudira kubikoresho bitandukanye, nibindi), gushyira mubikorwa ubuziranenge busanzwe, gukuraho ibice bifite inenge, no gukuraho ibicuruzwa bifite inenge (nko guhindura deformasiyo igice cya electrode, gucumita diaphragm, ibikoresho bifatika bigwa, kumeneka kwa electrolyte, nibindi);Komeza ahakorerwa ibicuruzwa hasukuye kandi hasukuye, ushyire mubikorwa imiyoborere 5S no kugenzura ubuziranenge bwa 6-sigma, wirinde umwanda nubushuhe kuvanga mumusaruro, kandi ugabanye ingaruka zimpanuka mumusaruro kumutekano.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-16-2022