Ibibi bya batiri ya lithium fer
Niba ibikoresho bifite ubushobozi bwo gushyira mubikorwa no kwiteza imbere, usibye ibyiza byayo, urufunguzo ni ukumenya niba ibikoresho bifite inenge zifatika.
Kugeza ubu, lisiyumu ya fosifate yatoranijwe cyane nk'ibikoresho bya cathode ya bateri ya lithium-ion mu Bushinwa.Abasesenguzi b'isoko baturutse muri guverinoma, ibigo by'ubushakashatsi mu bya siyansi, mu bigo ndetse no mu masosiyete y'agaciro bafite icyizere kuri ibi bikoresho kandi babifata nk'icyerekezo cy'iterambere cya batiri ya lithium-ion.Ukurikije isesengura ry’impamvu, hari ingingo ebyiri zikurikira: Icya mbere, kubera ingaruka z’icyerekezo cy’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere muri Amerika, amasosiyete ya Valence na A123 muri Amerika yabanje gukoresha fosifate ya lithium fer nkibikoresho bya cathode ya batiri ya lithium.Icya kabiri, ibikoresho bya lithium manganate hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo gusiganwa ku magare no kubika neza bishobora gukoreshwa muri bateri ya lithium-ion ntabwo byateguwe mu Bushinwa.Nyamara, fosifate ya lithium nayo ifite inenge zifatika zidashobora kwirengagizwa, zishobora kuvugwa muri make kuburyo bukurikira:
1. Muburyo bwo gucumura bwa lithium fer fosifate, birashoboka ko okiside ya fer ishobora kugabanuka nkicyuma cyoroshye munsi yubushyuhe buke bugabanya ikirere.Icyuma, ibintu birazira cyane muri bateri, birashobora gutera micro bigufi ya bateri.Ninimpamvu nyamukuru yatumye Ubuyapani butakoresha ibi bikoresho nkibikoresho bya cathode yingufu za bateri ya lithium ion.
2. Fosifate ya Litiyumu ifite inenge zimwe na zimwe zikora, nkubucucike buke hamwe nubucucike, bigatuma ingufu nke za batiri ya lithium ion.Ubushyuhe buke bukora nabi, nubwo nano yayo - hamwe na karuboni idakemura iki kibazo.Igihe Dr. Don Hillebrand, umuyobozi w'ikigo gishinzwe kubika ingufu za Laboratwari y'igihugu ya Argonne, yavugaga ku mikorere y'ubushyuhe buke bwa batiri ya lisiyumu ya fosifate, yavuze ko ari bibi.Ibisubizo byabo byipimishije kuri batiri ya lithium fer fosifate yerekanaga ko batiri ya lithium fer fosifate idashobora gutwara ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi mubushyuhe buke (munsi ya 0 ℃).Nubwo bamwe mu bakora inganda bavuga ko igipimo cyo kugumana ubushobozi bwa batiri ya lithium fer fosifate ari nziza ku bushyuhe buke, iri mu miterere y’umuvuduko ukabije w’amashanyarazi hamwe n’umuvuduko ukabije w’amashanyarazi.Muri iki gihe, ibikoresho ntibishobora gutangira na gato.
3. Igiciro cyo gutegura ibikoresho nigiciro cyo gukora bateri ni kinini, umusaruro wa bateri ni muke, kandi guhuzagurika ni bibi.Nubwo imiterere ya electrochemiki yibikoresho yatejwe imbere na nanocrystallisation hamwe na carbone ya lisiyumu ya fosifate, ibindi bibazo nabyo byazanywe, nko kugabanya ubwinshi bwingufu, kuzamura igiciro cya synthesis, imikorere mibi ya electrode ndetse n’ibidukikije bikabije ibisabwa.Nubwo ibintu bya chimique Li, Fe na P muri fosifate ya lithium ikungahaye cyane kandi igiciro ni gito, igiciro cyibicuruzwa byateguwe na lithium fer fosifate ntabwo biri hasi.Ndetse na nyuma yo gukuraho ubushakashatsi bwambere nigiciro cyiterambere, ikiguzi cyibikorwa byibi bikoresho hiyongereyeho ikiguzi kinini cyo gutegura bateri bizatuma igiciro cyanyuma cyo kubika ingufu zingana.
4. Ibicuruzwa bidahwitse.Kugeza ubu, nta ruganda rwa lithium fer fosifate mu Bushinwa rushobora gukemura iki kibazo.Ukurikije imyiteguro yibikoresho, synthesis reaction ya lithium fer fosifate nigikorwa kitoroshye cya heterogeneous reaction, harimo fosifate ikomeye, okiside yicyuma numunyu wa lithium, karubone yongewemo preursor no kugabanya icyiciro cya gaze.Muri ubu buryo bugoye bwo kubyitwaramo, biragoye kwemeza guhuza ibisubizo.
5. Ibibazo byumutungo wubwenge.Kugeza ubu, ipatanti y'ibanze ya fosifate ya lithium fer ni iya kaminuza ya Texas muri Amerika, mu gihe ipatanti ya karubone isabwa n'Abanyakanada.Izi patenti ebyiri zibanze ntizishobora kurenga.Niba amafaranga yimisoro ashyizwe mubiciro, igiciro cyibicuruzwa kiziyongera.
Byongeye kandi, duhereye ku bunararibonye bwa R&D no gukora bateri ya lithium-ion, Ubuyapani nicyo gihugu cya mbere cyacuruje bateri ya lithium-ion, kandi kikaba cyarigeze gufata isoko rya batiri ya lithium-ion yo mu rwego rwo hejuru.Nubwo Reta zunzubumwe zamerika ziyoboye mubushakashatsi bwibanze, kugeza ubu ntamashanyarazi nini ya lithium ion.Kubwibyo, birumvikana ko Ubuyapani buhitamo lithium manganate yahinduwe nkibikoresho bya cathode yubwoko bwamashanyarazi ya lithium ion.Ndetse no muri Amerika, kimwe cya kabiri cyabayikora bakoresha lithium fer fosifate na lithium manganate nkibikoresho bya cathode ya bateri yo mu bwoko bwa lithium ion bateri, kandi leta nkuru nayo ishyigikira ubushakashatsi niterambere ryizi sisitemu zombi.Urebye ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru, lithium fer fosifate iragoye gukoreshwa cyane nkibikoresho bya cathode ya bateri ya lithium-ion ya batiri mumodoka nshya yingufu nizindi nzego.Niba dushobora gukemura ikibazo cyubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo gusiganwa ku magare no kubika imikorere ya lithium manganate, bizagira imbaraga nyinshi mugukoresha bateri ya lithium-ion hamwe nibyiza byayo bidahenze kandi ikora neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-19-2022