Ingaruka n’umutekano bya batiri ya lithium ion (1)

1. Ibyago bya batiri ya lithium

Batiri ya Litiyumu ion ishobora kuba inkomoko yingufu za chimique bitewe nibiranga imiti hamwe na sisitemu.

（1 activity Igikorwa kinini cyimiti

Litiyumu nitsinda ryibanze I element mugihe cya kabiri cyameza yigihe, hamwe nimiti ikora cyane.

（2 density Ingufu nyinshi

Batteri ya Litiyumu ion ifite ingufu zidasanzwe cyane (≥ 140 Wh / kg), zikubye inshuro nyinshi za nikel cadmium, nikel hydrogène nizindi bateri ya kabiri.Niba ubushyuhe bwo guhumeka bubaye, ubushyuhe bwinshi buzarekurwa, bizaganisha ku myitwarire idakwiye.

（3 opt Kwemeza sisitemu ya electrolyte

Umuti ukungahaye kuri sisitemu ya electrolyte organic ni hydrocarubone, hamwe na voltage yangirika nkeya, okiside yoroshye kandi ikongoka;Mugihe yamenetse, bateri izafata umuriro, ndetse igatwika kandi igaturika.

（4 probability Birashoboka cyane ingaruka mbi

Muburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha bateri ya lithium ion, reaction yimiti yo guhinduranya hagati yingufu zamashanyarazi ningufu za chimique ibera imbere.Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, mubihe bimwe na bimwe, nko kwishyuza birenze urugero, gusohora cyangwa gukora ibikorwa byubu, biroroshye gutera reaction yimiti imbere muri bateri;Iyo reaction yuruhande rwiyongereye, bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere nubuzima bwa bateri, kandi birashobora kubyara gaze nyinshi, bizatera guturika numuriro nyuma yumuvuduko uri muri bateri wiyongereye vuba, bigatera ibibazo byumutekano.

（5） Imiterere yibikoresho bya electrode ntabwo bihagaze

Imyitwarire irenze urugero ya batiri ya lithium ion izahindura imiterere yibikoresho bya cathode kandi itume ibikoresho bigira ingaruka zikomeye za okiside, kuburyo ibishishwa muri electrolyte bizagira okiside ikomeye;Kandi izi ngaruka ntizisubirwaho.Niba ubushyuhe buterwa na reaction bwirundanyije, hazabaho ibyago byo gutera ubushyuhe bwumuriro.

2. Isesengura ryibibazo byumutekano wibicuruzwa bya lithium ion

Nyuma yimyaka 30 yiterambere ryinganda, ibicuruzwa bya lithium-ion byateye imbere cyane muburyo bwikoranabuhanga ryumutekano, bigenzura neza ko habaho ingaruka ziterwa na bateri, kandi bikarinda umutekano wa bateri.Nyamara, kubera ko bateri ya lithium ion ikoreshwa cyane kandi nini kandi ingufu zayo zikaba nyinshi kandi hejuru, haracyari ibintu byinshi nko gukomeretsa guturika cyangwa kwibutsa ibicuruzwa kubera ingaruka zishobora guhungabanya umutekano mumyaka yashize.Twanzuye ko impamvu nyamukuru zitera ibibazo byumutekano wibicuruzwa bya batiri ya lithium-ion ari ibi bikurikira:

（1） Ikibazo nyamukuru

Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mumashanyarazi birimo ibikoresho byiza, ibikoresho bibi, diaphragms, electrolytite na shells, nibindi. Guhitamo ibikoresho no guhuza sisitemu yo guhimba bigena imikorere yumutekano wamashanyarazi.Iyo uhitamo ibikoresho byiza kandi bibi nibikoresho bya diaphragm, uwabikoze ntabwo yakoze isuzuma runaka kubiranga no guhuza ibikoresho fatizo, bikaviramo kubura kuvuka mumutekano w'akagari.

（2 problems Ibibazo byumusaruro

Ibikoresho fatizo by'akagari ntibipimishwa cyane, kandi ibidukikije bitanga umusaruro mubi, biganisha ku mwanda mu musaruro, ibyo bikaba bitangiza gusa ubushobozi bwa bateri, ariko kandi bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mutekano wa bateri;Byongeye kandi, niba amazi menshi avanze muri electrolyte, reaction zishobora kubaho kandi byongera umuvuduko wimbere wa bateri, bizagira ingaruka kumutekano;Bitewe no kugabanuka kurwego rwibikorwa, mugihe cyo kubyara ingufu zamashanyarazi, ibicuruzwa ntibishobora kugera kumurongo mwiza, nkuburinganire bubi bwa matrise ya electrode, kugwa kubintu bya electrode ikora, kuvanga ibindi byanduye muri ibikoresho bifatika, gusudira kudafite umutekano muke wa electrode, ubushyuhe bwo gusudira budahungabana, burrs kumpera yikigice cya electrode, no kutagira ikoreshwa rya kaseti mu bice byingenzi, bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi kumutekano wumuriro wamashanyarazi .

（3 def Igishushanyo cyibikoresho byamashanyarazi bigabanya imikorere yumutekano

Kubijyanye nigishushanyo mbonera, ingingo nyinshi zingenzi zigira ingaruka kumutekano ntabwo zigeze zitaweho nuwabikoze.Kurugero, nta kaseti ikingira ibice byingenzi, nta marge cyangwa marge idahagije isigaye mugushushanya kwa diaphragm, igishushanyo mbonera cyubushobozi bwa electrode nziza kandi mbi ntabwo gifite ishingiro, igishushanyo mbonera cyagateganyo cyibintu byiza nibibi bikora ibintu bidafite ishingiro, kandi igishushanyo cyuburebure bwa lug nticyumvikana, gishobora guteza ibyago byihishe kumutekano wa bateri.Byongeye kandi, mugikorwa cyo gukora selile, bamwe mubakora selile bagerageza kuzigama no guhagarika ibikoresho bibisi kugirango babike ibiciro no kunoza imikorere, nko kugabanya ubuso bwa diaphragm, kugabanya ifu yumuringa, feri ya aluminium, no kudakoresha igitutu cyo kugabanya igitutu cyangwa kaseti, bizagabanya umutekano wa bateri.

（4 energy Ubucucike bukabije

Kugeza ubu, isoko ririmo gukurikirana ibicuruzwa bya batiri bifite ubushobozi buke.Kugirango twongere ubushobozi bwibicuruzwa, ababikora bakomeje kunoza ingano yingufu zihariye za bateri ya lithium ion, ibyo bikaba byongera cyane ibyago bya bateri.